Yung-chia mentions Hinayana Buddhism and outer path, or heterodox, teachings. Ch'an practitioners should recognize outer path teachings, so that they can avoid them. Practitioners should also understand the Hinayana approach, so that they will recognize dhyana and samadhi if they arise.

There are many levels and types of practice and meditation. The methods we use can be used by anyone ─ followers of outer paths, Hinayana Buddhism, or Ch'an. Though the methods may be the same, disciples from different schools will have different experiences and understanding, depending on their views.

People from many traditions apply for Ch'an retreats, and I usually accept them; but when they ask if they can use their methods, I say, "Sure, but if you practice your method, don't expect to have Buddhist experiences. You won't be getting my teachings." I may teach Buddhadharma, but they will hear what they want to hear, and in the end they will leave with what they came with ─ their own convictions.

If someone wore red-tinted glasses, everything would appear red. If he were not aware of the glasses, he would probably claim, "I was right all along. The world is red, and has always been red."

A student from another tradition practiced Ch'an with me for a short period. After a while, he said, "Aha! You see, your Buddha is nothing special. Your enlightenment is exactly the same as ours."

I told him, "Of course, because you see what you want to, and what you've seen from the start is your own beliefs."