Even so, though the conditions were ideal, only a few people in the many large monasteries achieved profound insight through Ch'an. By the time of the Sung dynasty, there were far fewer practitioners, and therefore far fewer accomplished masters. This occurred in part because Confucianism had lured many people back to its tradition by adopting some Ch'an characteristics. However, there were a few great masters during the Sung dynasty, among them Ju-ching (1163-1228), Dogen's (1200-1253) master, who was instrumental in spreading the Soto sect.

The cultural milieu also influenced the success of Ch'an in China. During the T'ang and Sung dynasties, Ch'an practitioners were able to isolate themselves from society and practice in the mountains. They were not bothered by the government. They did not rely on offerings and on followers for their livelihoods. Their lifestyles were stable and simple. Furthermore, they had a sincere attitude, and a strong, focused commitment to practice. Many people who moved to the mountains to cultivate wisdom did so for life. Their determination was enduring.

Now let's talk about Ch'an in the West. There are a few similarities that American has with China.For one, Westerners have turned to Ch'an because of dissatisfaction with their own religions and philosophies, just as Confucians and Taoists did during the T'ang dynasty. The teachings of Ch'an are appealign to intelligent, receptive people. For those people who are searching for a different spiritual path, an understanding of Ch'an teachings is positive and beneficial.