Similarly with a written work, if its intent is to convey a Buddhist idea, that is useful. I doubt whether people could get enlightened just by reading a novel, but if they can cultivate a better understanding of Ch'an teachings and attitudes through reading, that is good.

One can view these examples from the standpoint of art or from the standpoint of practice. From the artistic point of view, people would be listening, watching, dancing, singing or reading for their enjoyment. From the practice point of view, people would engage in these activities as a means to help move beyond the confusion and restlessness of the ordinary mind.

STUDENT:

There have been times when I have focused so fixedly while reading difficult poetry that afterwards my mind feels clear and light. The feeling is similar to what I experience after a good meditation session.

SHIH-FU:

When your mind is concentrated you will experience a sensation like that. But that is as far you will get when reading poetry or novels. They cannot take you beyond a certain level of concentration. After a while the mind will veer out of focus or you will be moved in some way by the material you are reading.

STUDENT:

Isn't contemplation part of practice? Sometimes during retreat you have us contemplate on thoughts we call up. Why can't we contemplate on a story, poem or painting?

SHIH-FU: