It answers the question wonderfully. It seems to me that Buddhism addresses everything in relativistic terms. For instance, while a society may judge things according to democratic principles, it's not a given that these principles will be shared by Buddhadharma. Whatever course fits the natural order, or takes people out of suffering, seems to be supported by Buddhism.

STUDENT:

You say that Buddhism opposes anything that disruptsnormal human relationships and upsets the natural course of events. Well, isn't surrogate motherhood and some of the other things that are possible because of technology abnormal?

SHIH-FU:

You are speaking of universals and asking me to speak for Buddhism and offer an answer that will cover all situations. The fact is, every situation is different and must be considered individually. Also, Buddhism speaks of causes and conditions. Since these technologies have already been developed and are being used, then there is nothing to oppose provided the motivation accords with Buddhadharma. If a couple wants a child but cannot have one the normal way, they may opt for these other choices. If these choices work and everyone is satisfied in the end, what is wrong with that? It is normal and natural for a woman to give birth to a son or daughter, not a grandchild. But this technology now exists. If people can do this without causing too much suffering for one another, then why not do it? In the end, we must look at each case individually.

STUDENT: