Models of therapy are usually developed by a single person. That person's life, experience and karma influence what he or she thinks and feels. Therefore, a psychological model is often a study of the mind of its inventor, and not necessarily an accurate picture of people in general. Also, therapies are often based on the scientific method, so they have to do with things that can be observed, measured, proven. If it cannot be proven, it is not science. Therefore, it is difficult for analysts to accept things like demonic obstructions and karmic force.

On the other hand, things like hearing voices are not necessarily caused by demonic obstructions. It is useful for us to know something about psychotherapy. Some who cannot benefit now from Ch'an would be wise to seek help from therapists. I have sometimes advised people to go into therapy before attempting intense practice. There is no harm in meditating an hour or two a day no matter what your problem is, but going on intensive retreats is another story. Ch'an and psychotherapy can work hand in hand.

STUDENT:

I am still not clear on one issue. How is the Ch'an way of ignoring the problem different from denying or repressing problems as was mentioned?

SHIH-FU:

One does not ignore problems in the ordinary sense. You do not repress your thoughts and desires. You do not force them out of your mind. You allow thoughts to enter your mind and leave your mind. Watch them, but do not follow them. This is difficult to do, and only people who practice diligently on a regular basis can develop the clarity and will power to do this.

You cannot make thoughts and desires go away. They will come, in one form or another ─ disguised, in dreams, intermittently, in floods. Meditators must use their experience and knowledge of Buddhadharma to identify and come to terms with their problems. Also, it is best to perform some type of repentance practice ─ such as prostrations ─ to help reduce self-centeredness. These are all useful techniques, but there are no guarantees that they will work all the time.